Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent ubiquitous signal transduction
pathways that regulate all aspects of life and are frequently altered in disease. Here, we …

KRAS mutations occur in a quarter of all of human cancers, yet no selective drug has been
approved to treat these tumors. Despite the recent development of drugs that block KRAS …

Simple Summary Over the past decade, cell-based immunotherapy has become a powerful
strategy in solid cancer therapy. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a group of …

The BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib, dabrafenib and encorafenib are used in the treatment of
patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma. They selectively target BRAF kinase and thus …

Fruit juice is one of the most easily accessible resources for the isolation of plant-derived
vesicles. Here we found that micro-and nano-sized vesicles (MVs and NVs) from four Citrus …

Simple Summary The response to pharmacological treatments is deeply influenced by the
tight interactions between the tumor cells and the microenvironment. In this review we …

Kinases are key regulatory signalling proteins governing numerous essential biological
processes and cellular functions. Dysregulation of many protein kinases is associated with …

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are accessible by liquid biopsies via an easy blood draw.
They represent not only the primary tumor site, but also potential metastatic lesions, and …

As widely acknowledged, 40–50% of all melanoma patients harbour an activating BRAF
mutation (mostly BRAF V600E). The identification of the RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK (MAP kinase) …

Malignant melanoma is one of the most common tumours and has the highest mortality rate
of all types of skin cancers worldwide. Traditional and novel therapeutic approaches …