β-Endorphins are peptides that exert a wide variety of effects throughout the body. Produced
through the cleavage pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), β-endorphins are the primarily agonist …

Central regulation of food intake is a key mechanism contributing to energy homeostasis.
Many neural circuits that are thought to orchestrate feeding behavior overlap with the brain's …

Dopamine (DA) is a central monoamine neurotransmitter involved in many physiological
and pathological processes. A longstanding yet largely unmet goal is to measure DA …

Rhythmic gene expression is found throughout the central nervous system. This harmonized
regulation can be dependent on-and independent of-the master regulator of biological …

During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly
vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities …

Background There is growing evidence that an addictive‐eating phenotype may exist. There
is significant debate regarding whether highly processed foods (HPFs; foods with refined …

Dopamine is well recognized as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and regulates critical
functions in a variety of peripheral systems. Growing research has also shown that …

What is the defining property of addiction? We dust off a several-decades-long debate about
the relative importance of two forms of reinforcement—positive reinforcement, subjectively …

Humans devote 30–40% of speech output solely to informing others of their own subjective
experiences. What drives this propensity for disclosure? Here, we test recent theories that …

Music has existed in human societies since prehistory, perhaps because it allows
expression and regulation of emotion and evokes pleasure. In this review, we present …