Monoclonal antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programed cell
death 1 (PD-1), or its ligand (PD-L1) have become the mainstay for advanced malignancies …

Immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy for cancer that has recently shown
unprecedented survival benefits in selected patients. A number of immunomodulatory …

Purpose Mucosal melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with a poor response to
conventional therapies. The efficacy and safety of nivolumab (a programmed death-1 …

PURPOSE Metastatic mucosal melanoma responds poorly to anti–programmed cell death-1
(PD-1) monotherapy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play an …

Uveal melanoma (UM), a rare cancer of the eye, is distinct from cutaneous melanoma by its
etiology, the mutation frequency and profile, and its clinical behavior including resistance to …

Many metastatic melanoma patients experience durable responses to anti-PD1 and/or anti-
CTLA4; however, a significant proportion (over 50%) do not benefit from the therapies. In this …

Background Low absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) has previously been established as a
marker of poor prognosis in multiple cancer types. There is growing evidence that ALC may …

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), as a novel treatment modality, has
transformed the field of oncology with unprecedented successes. However, the efficacy of …

Simple Summary This review provides an updated overview about molecular features,
clinical advancements and therapeutic directions of the primary mucosal melanoma which …

Background Mucosal melanomas (MM) are an aggressive subtype of melanoma. Given the
rarity of this disease, the conduct of clinical trials is challenging and has been limited …