The substantial uptick in research on heritage languages over the past three decades has
enhanced our understanding of the development of bilingual grammars throughout the …

Linguistic studies focusing on monolinguals have often examined individuals with
considerable experience using another language. Results of a methodological review …

Even the most seemingly monolingual places are shaped in space and time by different
languages meeting. Most often, when languages meet, they are brought together by humans …

The present study examines the acoustic realization of the English, Japanese, and
Spanish/k/in the productions of two groups of English-Japanese bilinguals [first language …

A central question in multilingualism research is how multiple languages interact. Most
studies have focused on first (L1) and second language (L2) effects on a third language …

While previous work on multilingual speech rhythm has found evidence of progressive cross-
linguistic influence of a first or second language (L1, L2) on a third language (L3), regressive …

This chapter provides an overview of major theories and findings in the field of second
language (L2) phonetics and phonology. Four main conceptual frameworks are discussed …

Recent exposure to a second or foreign language (FL) can influence production and/or
perception in the first language (L1), a phenomenon referred to as phonetic drift. The …

This paper reports on a comprehensive phonetic study of American classroom learners of
Russian, investigating the influence of the second language (L2) on the first language (L1) …

Two acoustic studies were carried out with L1 Polish learners of English. One study
examined L1 phonetic drift, comparing learners of L2 English who were undergoing …