Blockchain is a technology that has desirable features of decentralization, autonomy,
integrity, immutability, verification, fault-tolerance, anonymity, auditability, and transparency …

Within just four years, the blockchain-based Decentralized Finance (DeFi) ecosystem has
accumulated a peak total value locked (TVL) of more than 253 billion USD. This surge in …

As a decentralized, public, and digital ledger technology in Peer-to-Peer network,
blockchain has received much attention from various fields, including finance, healthcare …

The primary purpose of the supply chains is to ensure and secure the availability and
smooth flow of the necessary resources for efficient production processes and consumption …

Owing to the incremental and diverse applications of cryptocurrencies and the continuous
development of distributed system technology, blockchain has been broadly used in fintech …

Blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum execute payment transactions securely, but their
performance is limited by the need for global consensus. Payment networks overcome this …

Mobile health (mHealth) apps and devices are increasingly popular for health research,
clinical treatment, and personal wellness, as they offer the ability to continuously monitor …

Data sharing services based on massive IoT data have been widely used in various fields
such as health monitoring and image recognition, providing users with more reliable …

Payment Channel Hub (PCH) is a promising solution to the scalability issue of first-
generation blockchains or cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. It supports off-chain payments …

Blockchain applications in the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) employ a secure and distributed
consensus method, such as Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and Proof-of-Work …