Methods of transcriptional profiling have made it possible to compare gene expression
between females and males on a genome-wide scale. Such studies have revealed that sex …

Many animals with genetic sex determination harbor heteromorphic sex chromosomes,
where the heterogametic sex has half the gene dose of the homogametic sex. This …

It is a broadly observed pattern that the non-recombining regions of sex-limited
chromosomes (Y and W) accumulate more repeats than the rest of the genome, even in …

Males are XY and females are XX in most mammalian species. Other species such as birds
have a different sex chromosome make-up: ZZ in males and ZW in females. In both types of …

The karyotype of most birds has remained considerably stable during more than 100 million
years' evolution, except for some groups, such as parrots. The evolutionary processes and …

Sex chromosomes are widespread in species with separate sexes. They have evolved many
times independently and display a truly remarkable diversity. New sequencing technologies …

Heteromorphic sex chromosomes (XY or ZW) present problems of gene dosage imbalance
between sexes and with autosomes. A need for dosage compensation has long been …

Chondrichthyes is an important lineage to reconstruct the evolutionary history of vertebrates.
Here, we analyzed genome synteny for six chondrichthyan chromosome-level genomes …

Standard models of sex chromosome evolution propose that recombination suppression
leads to the degeneration of the heterogametic chromosome, as is seen for the Y …

Epigenetic and genetic cis-regulatory elements in diploid organisms may cause allele
specific expression (ASE)–unequal expression of the two chromosomal gene copies …