Many animals use vision to detect, discriminate, or recognize important objects such as prey,
predators, homes, or mates. These objects may differ in color and brightness—having …

Organisms capable of rapid physiological colour change have become model taxa in the
study of camouflage because they are able to respond dynamically to the changes in their …

Throughout their lives animals must complete many tasks, including finding food, avoiding
predators, attracting mates, and navigating through a complex and dynamic environment …

Birds are renowned for their exceptional vision and the way that this enables them to survive
and navigate the world in such a unique way. However, it is now recognised that avian …

Birds are highly visual animals with complex visual systems. In this article, we discuss the
spectral characteristics and genetic mechanisms of the spectral tuning of avian visual …

Analogical reasoning is vital to advanced cognition and behavioral adaptation. Many
theorists deem analogical thinking to be uniquely human and to be foundational to …

Behavioral ecologists have long studied the role of coloration as a defense against natural
enemies. Recent reviews of defensive coloration have emphasized that these visual signals …

Rapid colour change is a remarkable natural phenomenon that has evolved in several
vertebrate and invertebrate lineages. The two principal explanations for the evolution of this …

Background Colour vision in birds can be categorized into two classes, the ultraviolet (UVS)
and violet sensitive (VS). Their phylogenetic distributions have traditionally been regarded …

Natural selection shapes the evolution of anti-predator defences, such as camouflage. It is
currently contentious whether crypsis and disruptive coloration are alternative mechanisms …