Biosensing assays involving antibody-antigen interactions have been widely applied in
diagnostics and healthcare in virtue of their superior selectivity and sensitivity. However …

Biosensors have been explored for their excellent potential in the field of biological detection
and their application in biomedical diagnosis and have become a rapidly emerging subject …

Creatinine (CR) has always been considered as a prime important indicator for evaluating of
renal dysfunction. Nevertheless, the literature still lacks in methods that fulfill the …

A simple, sensitive, and highly selective detection method was developed for creatinine
using citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (C-AuNPs). TEM analysis confirmed the synthesis of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a dilapidating problem that causes great global burden
since the current therapeutic options are mostly ineffective. Early diagnosis and efficient …

This research reports the fabrication of Zn 2+/gold nanoparticles (GNPs) nanocomposite for
colorimetric detection of creatinine (CR) in diverse media (eg, water, artificial urine, and …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease that is the most common cause of
dementia. The incidence of AD is rapidly rising because of the aging of the world population …

Creatinine is the by-product of creatine phosphate within the muscle, supplying energy to
the muscle tissues. It is imperative to clinically assess creatinine levels in both urine and …

In the context of biomarker mechanisms, this paper provides an overview of electrochemical
energy, which is the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa via …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease that is the most common cause of
dementia. The incidence of AD is rapidly rising because of the aging of the world population …