Testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) are produced in male and female humans and are
potent metabolic regulators in both sexes. When E2 and T production stops or decreases …

Menopause leads to a decline in estrogen levels, resulting in significant metabolic
alterations that increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome—a cluster of conditions …

Although hormone therapy (HT) with estrogen is not recommended as a means of providing
prevention from cardiovascular disease (CVD), the therapeutic use of estrogen for other …

O-Linked attachment of β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on serine and threonine
residues of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins is a highly dynamic and …

Mid-life vascular risk factors predict late-life cerebrovascular diseases and poor global brain
health. Although endothelial dysfunction is hypothesized to contribute to this process …

Objective Although menopause is considered a risk factor for multimorbidity, few studies
have explored the association between reproductive lifespan and multimorbidity. This study …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal lung disease characterized by progressive
pulmonary vascular remodeling. The initial cause of pulmonary vascular remodeling is the …

Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a severe and life-threatening complication of
venous thromboembolism. However, there is a lack of systematic studies on differences …

Context Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in transgender women (TW) may be affected by
gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) and HIV, but few data compare TW on …

Sex as a biological variable has been recognized for decades to be a critical aspect of the
drug development process, as differences in drug pharmacology and toxicity in female …