Sleep deprivation is highly prevalent in the modern world, possibly reaching epidemic
proportions. While multiple theories regarding the roles of sleep exist (inactivity, energy …

In countries around the world, sleep deprivation represents a widespread problem affecting
school‐age children, teenagers, and adults. Acute sleep deprivation and more chronic sleep …

Melatonin is the main hormone secreted by the pineal gland that modulates the circadian
rhythm and mood. Previous studies have shown the therapeutic effects of melatonin, or its …

Sleep disorders affect many people worldwide and can accompany neurodegenerative and
psychiatric diseases. Sleep may be altered before the clinical manifestations of some of …

Sleep deprivation (SD) has deleterious effects on cognitive functions including learning and
memory. However, some studies have shown that SD can improve cognitive functions …

The modified multi-platform method (MMPM) is used to induce animal models of paradoxical
sleep deprivation and impairs memory in rodents. However, variations in MMPM protocols …

Synaptic plasticity is the capacity of synaptic transmission between neurons to be
strengthened or weakened. There are many signal molecules accumulated in the …

Recent studies in both humans and animal models call into question the completeness of
recovery after chronic sleep disruption. Studies in humans have identified cognitive domains …

The brain/cognitive/neural reserve concept suggests that lifelong experiences, from early life
through adulthood, make the brain more resilient to neuronal damage. Modifiable lifestyle …

Sleep and its quality play an important role in memory, cognition, and quality of life. Sleep
deprivation-induced changes in hippocampal neurons and behavior have been studied …