Degradation of mitochondria via a selective form of autophagy, named mitophagy, is a
fundamental mechanism conserved from yeast to humans that regulates mitochondrial …

Erythropoiesis occurs mostly in bone marrow and ends in blood stream. Mature red blood
cells are generated from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, through a complex maturation …

(Macro) autophagy is a bulk degradation process that mediates the clearance of long-lived
proteins and organelles. Autophagy is initiated by double-membraned structures, which …

BNIP3 and NIX are proteins related to the BH3-only family, which induce both cell death and
autophagy. Consistent with their ability to induce cell death, BNIP3 and NIX are implicated in …

Erythroid cells undergo enucleation and the removal of organelles during terminal
differentiation,,. Although autophagy has been suggested to mediate the elimination of …

The central functions fulfilled by mitochondria as both energy generators essential for tissue
homeostasis and gateways to programmed apoptotic and necrotic cell death mandate tight …

Human erythropoietin (Epo) is a 30.4 kDa glycoprotein hormone composed of a single 165
amino acid residues chain to which four glycans are attached. The kidneys are the primary …

In vitro RBC production from stem cells could represent an alternative to classic transfusion
products. Until now the clinical feasibility of this concept has not been demonstrated. We …

The first description of reticulocytes was made in 1865 by Wilhelm Heinrich Erb (1840–
1921), a German neurologist who was a leading physician and eminent figure of his time …

Heme (iron protoporphyrin IX) is an essential molecule for numerous living organisms. Not
only does it serve as a prosthetic group in enzymes, it also acts as a signaling molecule that …