Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a key growth factor that regulates both anabolic and
catabolic pathways in skeletal muscle. IGF-1 increases skeletal muscle protein synthesis via …

Mitochondria are critical organelles responsible for regulating the metabolic status of
skeletal muscle. These organelles exhibit remarkable plasticity by adapting their volume …

Primary aging is the progressive and inevitable process of bodily deterioration during
adulthood. In skeletal muscle, primary aging causes defective mitochondrial energetics and …

Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by progressive decline in tissue and organ
function leading to increased risk of disease and mortality. Among diverse factors that …

The mitochondria are double-membrane organelles integral for energy metabolism.
Mitochondrial dynamics is regulated by inner and outer mitochondrial membrane (IMM and …

Background Cancer cachexia is largely irreversible, at least via nutritional means, and
responsible for 20–40% of cancer‐related deaths. Therefore, preventive measures are of …

Loss of muscle mass and force occurs in many diseases such as disuse/inactivity, diabetes,
cancer, renal, and cardiac failure and in aging-sarcopenia. In these catabolic conditions the …

Aging is associated with a decline in mitochondrial function and the accumulation of
abnormal mitochondria. However, the precise mechanisms by which aging promotes these …

Obesity can cause a decline in contractile function of skeletal muscle, thereby reducing
mobility and promoting obesity-associated health risks. We reviewed the literature to …

AMPK (5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) is heavily involved in
skeletal muscle metabolic control through its regulation of many downstream targets …