Osteoporosis is a global public health problem, with fractures contributing to significant
morbidity and mortality. Although postmenopausal osteoporosis is most common, up to 30 …

Estrogens and androgens influence the growth and maintenance of the mammalian
skeleton and are responsible for its sexual dimorphism. Estrogen deficiency at menopause …

Bone remodeling is essential for adult bone homeostasis. It comprises two phases: bone
formation and resorption. The balance between the two phases is crucial for sustaining bone …

Muscles and bones are intricately connected tissues displaying marked co-variation during
development, growth, aging, and in many diseases. While the diagnosis and treatment of …

Mouse models with cell-specific deletion of the estrogen receptor (ER) α, the androgen
receptor (AR) or the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), as well as …

Osteoporosis is a significant public health problem, and a major cause of the disease is
estrogen deficiency following menopause in women. In addition, considerable evidence …

Osteoporosis is one of the major bone disorders that affects both women and men, and
causes bone deterioration and bone strength. Bone remodeling maintains bone mass and …

Sex steroids are chief regulators of gender differences in the skeleton, and male gender is
one of the strongest protective factors against osteoporotic fractures. This advantage in bone …

Osteoporosis is a common disorder, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and
characterized by decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Known …

Bone metabolism is closely related to oxidative stress. As one of the core regulatory factors
of oxidative stress, NRF2 itself and its regulation of oxidative stress are both involved in …