Following cancer, cells in a particular tissue can no longer respond to the factors involved in
controlling cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, and death. In recent years, it has been …

Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum
of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic …

Retinoids (ie, vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid, and related signaling molecules) induce the
differentiation of various types of stem cells. Nuclear retinoic acid receptors mediate most but …

Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are ligand-controlled transcription factors that function as
heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) to regulate cell growth and survival. The …

Retinoids and their naturally metabolized and synthetic products (eg, all-trans retinoic acid,
13-cis retinoic acid, bexarotene) induce differentiation in various cell types. Retinoids exert …

Chemotherapy in cancer patients is still not satisfactory because of drug resistance. The
main mechanism of drug resistance results from the ability of cancer cells to actively expel …

Retinoids (natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A) signal potent differentiation and
growth-suppressive effects in diverse normal, premalignant, and malignant cells. A strong …

The term “epigenetics” refers to modifications in gene expression caused by heritable, but
potentially reversible, changes in DNA methylation and chromatin structure. Epigenetic …

If detected early, breast cancer is eminently curable. To detect breast cancer in samples with
little cellularity, a high level of sensitivity is needed. Tumor-specific promoter …

Dietary agents with chemopreventive potential, including soy‐derived genistein and tomato‐
derived lycopene, have been shown to alter gene expression in ways that can either …