Brown trout Salmo trutta is endemic to Europe, western Asia and north‐western Africa; it is a
prominent member of freshwater and coastal marine fish faunas. The species shows two …

Dispersal is a process of central importance for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of
populations and communities, because of its diverse consequences for gene flow and …

Migration, broadly defined as directional movement to take advantage of spatially distributed
resources, is a dramatic behaviour and an important component of many life histories that …

We outline a general scheme for migration that applies across taxa, incorporates the several
varieties of migration, and includes all levels of biological organization, from genes to …

Recent shifts in phenology in response to climate change are well established but often
poorly understood. Many animals integrate climate change across a spatially and temporally …

Long-distance migrations are among the wonders of the natural world, but this multi-taxon
review shows that the characteristics of species that undertake such movements appear to …

Global warming is impacting biodiversity by altering the distribution, abundance, and
phenology of a wide range of animal and plant species. One of the best documented …

Endogenous programs that regulate annual cycles have been shown for many taxa,
including protists, arthropods, fish, mammals and birds. In migration biology, these programs …

One of the characteristics of avian migration is its variability within and among species.
Variation in migratory behavior, and in physiological and morphological adaptations to …

Ornithologists, and especially northern hemisphere ornithologists, have traditionally thought
of migration as an annual return movement of populations between regular breeding and …