The mammalian retina provides an excellent opportunity to study glia–neuron interactions
and the interactions of glia with blood vessels. Three main types of glial cells are found in …

Müller glia are the major glial component of the retina. They are one of the last retinal cell
types to be born during development, and they function to maintain retinal homeostasis and …

Müller cells, the major type of glial cells in the retina, are responsible for the homeostatic and
metabolic support of retinal neurons. By mediating transcellular ion, water, and bicarbonate …

Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration that
results in visual field loss and irreversible blindness. A crucial element in the …

In zebrafish, Müller glia (MG) are a source of retinal stem cells that can replenish damaged
retinal neurons and restore vision. In mammals, however, MG do not spontaneously re-enter …

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a well‐characterized and extensively studied
disease. It is currently considered the leading cause of visual disability among patients over …

The retina resides in an environment that is primed for the generation of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and resultant oxidative damage. The retina is one of the highest oxygen …

Müller glial cells span the entire thickness of the tissue, and ensheath all retinal neurons, in
vertebrate retinae of all species. This morphological relationship is reflected by a multitude …

Müller cells are active players in normal retinal function and in virtually all forms of retinal
injury and disease. Reactive Müller cells protect the tissue from further damage and …

The formation of functional neural circuits in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)
requires that appropriate numbers of the correct types of neuronal and glial cells are …