The integration of renewable energy (RE) sources is increasing day by day because of their
permanent existence and the limited quantities of fossil fuels. One of the most promising RE …

Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) poses a significant threat to the normal operation of power
systems, especially with the increasing penetration of renewable energy. Without adequate …

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are considered as one of the most important and popular forms of
renewable energy sources worldwide. Due to the installation of PV modules on rooftops and …

Lightning strokes are considered the most common passively effective cause on the
photovoltaic (PV) power plants compared to the other internal faults. In this paper, a 1 MW …

This paper discusses the lightning-induced voltage effect on a hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)-
battery energy storage system with the presence of surge protection devices (SPD). Solar …

The design and implementation of air termination systems can be significantly improved with
the knowledge of the probability of a lightning strike on a point-by-point basis which …

This article presents a five-year performance review of an early streamer emission (ESE) air
terminal lightning protection system for a large scale PV power plant in Thailand. The …

The surge voltage induced by lightning will generate an inrush current in a grid-connected
converter. It may not be large in Si-based converters because of the large grid side inductive …

Globally, solar energy technologies are increasingly being implemented. The appeal of
photovoltaic (PV) systems lies in their ability to efficiently convert sunlight into electricity …

Prior to export, processed crude oil is stored in Floating Roof Tanks (FRT) to further allow
any trapped gas within the crude oil to escape, as this stabilises the crude oil. In the oil and …