Okadaic acid (OA) is one of the most frequent and worldwide distributed marine toxins. It is
easily accumulated by shellfish, mainly bivalve mollusks and fish, and, subsequently, can be …

Okadaic acid (OA), a potent polyether marine toxin, accumulates in the digestive glands of
marine mollusks and therefore can severely threaten the health of humans after ingestion of …

Okadaic acid (OA), a prevalent marine biotoxin found in shellfish, is known for causing acute
gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite its potential to reach the bloodstream and the liver, the …

Diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) are widespread in marine environments, posing potential
threats to marine ecosystems, shellfish aquaculture, and human health. Despite their …

The ingestion of seafood contaminated with the marine biotoxin okadaic acid (OA) can lead
to diarrhetic shellfish poisoning with symptoms like nausea, vomiting and abdominal …

The lipophilic marine biotoxin okadaic acid (OA) represents a natural contaminant produced
by algae accumulating in seafood. Acute intoxications result in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning …

Okadaic acid (OA) group toxins, including OA and its analogs, such as dinophysis toxins
(DTXs), have been reported to cause diarrheal shellfish poisoning (DSP). These toxins are …

Okadaic acid (OA) is one of the most common and widespread marine toxins and causes
acute gastrointestinal symptoms known as diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans …

Issues raised by phycotoxins are not of recent concern. Numerous intoxications have been
reported mostly since the 1960s in Europe. The implementation of monitoring programs and …

Marine toxins were produced by plankton and do a great harm to human through food chain
by accumulating in shellfishes and fishes. It is highly required and favorable to develop …