Although many governments, financial institutions, and corporations are embracing nature-
based solutions as part of their sustainability and net-zero carbon strategies, some nations …

BACKGROUND Human actions have long been known to drive declines in nature, and there
is growing awareness of how globalization means that these drivers increasingly act at a …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

In all cities and urban areas, the risk faced by people and assets from hazards associated
with climate change has increased (high confidence1). Urban areas are now home to 4.2 …

We report three major and confronting environmental issues that have received little
attention and require urgent action. First, we review the evidence that future environmental …

Climate-induced sea-level rise and vertical land movements, including natural and human-
induced subsidence in sedimentary coastal lowlands, combine to change relative sea levels …

Nature‐based solutions (NbS) to climate change currently have considerable political
traction. However, national intentions to deploy NbS have yet to be fully translated into …

The Paris agreement focused global climate mitigation policy on limiting global warming to
1.5 or 2° C above pre-industrial levels. Consequently, projections of hazards and risk are …

Global models of tide, storm surge, and wave setup are used to obtain projections of
episodic coastal flooding over the coming century. The models are extensively validated …

Climate extremes threaten human health, economic stability, and the well-being of natural
and built environments (eg, 2003 European heat wave). As the world continues to warm …