The skin is the largest organ in the human body, providing a barrier to the external
environment. It is composed of three layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The most …

The incidence of melanoma, among the most lethal cancers, is widespread and increasing.
Metastatic melanoma has a poor prognosis, representing about 90% of skin cancer …

Background: The analysis of the BRAF mutational status has been established as a
standard procedure during diagnosis of advanced malignant melanoma due to the fact that …

Abstract Purpose of Review Conventional clinico-pathological features in melanoma
patients should be integrated with new molecular diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic …

Simple Summary Most melanoma patients have non-overlapping “driver” mutations in either
BRAF, NRAS, or NF1 genes based on Next-Gen sequencing. Other overlapping genetic …

Background Melanoma harbours genetic alterations in genes such as BRAF, NRAS and KIT.
Activating NRAS mutations are present in about 20% of melanomas. Even though BRAF …

Background: Around 50% of primary melanomas harbour BRAF mutations, but their
prognostic impact has not been clear. Recently, a BRAF-V600E mutation-specific antibody …

Cyclin D1 is a protein encoded by the CCND1 gene, located on 11q13 chromosome, which
is a key component of the physiological regulation of the cell cycle. CCND1/cyclin D1 is …

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers. The 5-year survival rate of stage III
melanoma patients ranges from 93%(IIIA) to 32%(IIID) with a high risk of recurrence after …

Background: Cutaneous melanoma can metastasise haematogenously and/or
lymphogenously to form satellite/in-transit, lymph node or distant metastasis. This study …