Tumor cells reside in a highly complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME),
which is composed of a myriad of genetically stable non-cancer cells, including fibroblasts …

Cancer tissues are composed of cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells (eg,
fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells), in addition to the extracellular …

Oncogene activation and tumor-suppressor gene inactivation are considered as the main
causes driving the transformation of normal somatic cells into malignant tumor cells. Cancer …

Neoplastic cells recruit fibroblasts through various growth factors and cytokines. These
“cancer-associated fibroblasts”(CAF) actively interact with neoplastic cells and form a …

This Review outlines the understanding and management of triple-negative breast cancer
(TNBC). TNBC shares morphological and genetic abnormalities with basal-like breast …

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is one of the most crucial components of the tumor
microenvironment which promotes the growth and invasion of cancer cells by various …

Maintenance of epithelial tissues needs the stroma. When the epithelium changes, the
stroma inevitably follows. In cancer, changes in the stroma drive invasion and metastasis …

The human endometrium regenerates from the lower basalis layer, a germinal compartment
that persists after menstruation to give rise to the new upper functionalis layer. Because …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial lung
disease (ILD) of unknown aetiology, with a median survival of 2–4 years from the time of …

In order to translate the findings from basic cellular research into clinical applications, cell-
based models need to recapitulate both the 3D organization and multicellular complexity of …