The non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) was first reported in the 1970s as a remarkable
ensemble of changes in serum TH (TH) concentrations occurring in probably any severe …

Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are closely related processes, as well exemplified in
obesity and cardiovascular diseases. OS is also related to hormonal derangement in a …

Thyroid hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on
the cell type, can be activated (ie, T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (ie, T3 to 3, 3′-diiodo-l …

Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is strictly regulated by iodothyronine deiodinase activity,
which both preserves the circulating levels of the biologically active triiodothyronine (T3) and …

Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) typically present with decreased concentrations of
plasma tri-iodothyronine, low thyroxine, and normal range or slightly decreased …

The iodothyronine deiodinases initiate or terminate thyroid hormone action and therefore
are critical for the biological effects mediated by thyroid hormone. Over the years, research …

The deiodinases activate or inactivate thyroid hormone, and their importance in thyroid
hormone homeostasis has become increasingly clear with the availability of deiodinase …

TRH is a tripeptide amide that functions as a neurotransmitter but also serves as a
neurohormone that has a critical role in the central regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary …

Emerging studies have provided a preliminary understanding of the thyroid-gut axis,
indicating that intestinal microbiota and its metabolites may act directly or indirectly on the …

Over the past few years, growing evidence suggests direct crosstalk between thyroid
hormones (THs) and the immune system. Components of the immune system were …