Until recently, observations of the giant planets of our Solar System were confined to
sampling relatively shallow regions of their atmospheres, leaving many uncertainties as to …

Groundbased and spacecraft telescopic observations, combined with an intensive modeling
effort, have greatly enhanced our understanding of hot giant planets and brown dwarfs over …

A spherical harmonic model of the magnetic field of Jupiter is obtained from vector magnetic
field observations acquired by the Juno spacecraft during 32 of its first 33 polar orbits. These …

INTRODUCTION The interior structure of Saturn, the depth of its winds, and the mass and
age of its rings have been open questions in planetary science. The mass distribution inside …

The best constraints on the internal structures of giant planets have historically originated
from measurements of their gravity fields,–. These data are inherently mostly sensitive to a …

Jupiter's atmosphere is rotating differentially, with zones and belts rotating at speeds that
differ by up to 100 metres per second. Whether this is also true of the gas giant's interior has …

The gravity harmonics of a fluid, rotating planet can be decomposed into static components
arising from solid-body rotation and dynamic components arising from flows. In the absence …

Observations of Jupiter's gravity field by Juno have revealed surprisingly low values for the
high-order gravitational moments, considering the abundances of heavy elements …

The atmospheric dynamics of Jupiter are dominated by strong zonal winds engulfing the
planet. Since the first gravity measurements taken by Juno at Jupiter, the low-degree gravity …

Context. While Jupiter's massive gas envelope consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, the
key to understanding Jupiter's formation and evolution lies in the distribution of the …