BACKGROUND Conformational changes are essential for the correct functioning of
biological macromolecules. Time-resolved x-ray crystallography extends an extremely …

A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

Riboswitches are structural RNA elements that are generally located in the 5′ untranslated
region of messenger RNA. During regulation of gene expression, ligand binding to the …

To advance microfluidic integration, we present the use of two-photon additive
manufacturing to fold 2D channel layouts into compact free-form 3D fluidic circuits with …

The development and application of the free-electron X-ray laser (XFEL) to structure and
dynamics in biology since its inception in 2009 are reviewed. The research opportunities …

X-ray free-electron lasers provide femtosecond-duration pulses of hard X-rays with a peak
brightness approximately one billion times greater than is available at synchrotron radiation …

This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

Background Ever since the first atomic structure of an enzyme was solved, the discovery of
the mechanism and dynamics of reactions catalyzed by biomolecules has been the key goal …

X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) have the potential to revolutionize macromolecular
structural biology due to the unique combination of spatial coherence, extreme peak …

The high peak brilliance and femtosecond pulse duration of X-ray free-electron lasers
(XFELs) provide new scientific opportunities for experiments in physics, chemistry and …