Research on impacts of human activity and infrastructure development on reindeer and
caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is reviewed in the context of spatial (m to many km) and …

The largest seaweed, giant kelp (Macrocystis) is the fastest growing and most prolific of all
plants found on earth. Growing from the seafloor and extending along the ocean surface in …

Sedimentation is a widespread and increasing process on most rocky coasts. The literature
on its effects is reviewed and support is found for the general conclusion that sedimentation …

Ecological conservation monitoring programmes abound at various organisational and
spatial levels from species to ecosystem. Many of them suffer, however, from the lack of …

Anthropogenic disturbances affect natural populations and assemblages by interacting with
fundamental ecological processes. Field experiments simulating the effects of human …

Reflecting increased interest in the field and its relevance in global environmental issues,
Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, Volume 45 provides authoritative …

We compare two approaches to designing and analyzing monitoring studies to assess
chronic, local environmental impacts. Intervention Analysis (IA) compares Before and After …

Use of coastal armoring is expected to escalate in response to the combination of expanding
human populations, beach erosion, and sea level rise along the coasts. To provide a …

Abstract Before-after-control-impact (BACI) designs are an effective method to evaluate
natural and human-induced perturbations on ecological variables when treatment sites …

One of the most commonly predicted effects of global ocean warming on marine
communities is a poleward shift in the distributional boundaries of species with an …