Flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), West Nile (WNV), and Zika (ZIKV)
are human pathogens of global significance. In particular, DENV causes the most prevalent …

Microbial infection initiates complex interactions between the pathogen and the host.
Pathogens express several signature molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular …

Type I interferon (IFN) is crucial in host antiviral defense. Previous studies have described
the pleiotropic role of type I IFNs on innate and adaptive immune cells during viral infection …

Type III interferons, also known as interferon lambdas (IFNλs), are the most recent addition
to the IFN family following their discovery in 2003. Initially, IFNλ was demonstrated to induce …

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causees neurologic complications, including Guillain-Barré
syndrome in adults and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities in fetuses. We …

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the major public health concerns around the globe,
especially in the tropical regions of the world that contribute to 75% percent of dengue …

Mosquito-borne infections are increasing in number and are spreading to new regions at an
unprecedented rate. In particular, mosquito-transmitted viruses, such as those that cause …

The innate immune system is the host's first line of defense against the invasion of
pathogens including flavivirus. The programmed cell death controlled by genes plays an …

Antibody (Ab)-dependent enhancement can exacerbate dengue virus (DENV) infection due
to cross-reactive Abs from an initial DENV infection, facilitating replication of a second …

Type I interferons (IFNs) are key mediators of the innate immune response. Although
members of this family of cytokines signal through a single shared receptor, biochemical and …