This article is part of a Special Issue “Parental Care”. We review recent research on the roles
of hormones and social experiences on the development of paternal care in humans and …

The causes and consequences of individual differences in animal behavior and stress
physiology are increasingly studied in wild animals, yet the possibility that stress physiology …

Humans stand out among the apes by having both an extremely large brain and a relatively
high reproductive output, which has been proposed to be a consequence of cooperative …

Vertebrate gut microbiota form a key component of immunity and a dynamic link between an
individual and the ecosystem. Microbiota might play a role in social systems as well …

Rare in mammals but more common in primates, there remains a considerable controversy
concerning whether primate species traditionally described as monogamous actually …

Monogamy as a social system has been both a scientific puzzle and a sociocultural issue for
decades. In this review, we examine social monogamy from a comparative perspective with …

We present findings from 25 years of studying 13 species of sympatric primates at
Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Long-term studies have revealed that lemur …

The endemic lemurs of Madagascar (Lemuriformes: Primates) exhibit great social and
communicative diversity. Given their independent evolutionary history, lemurs provide an …

The extant primates of Madagascar (Lemuriformes) represent the endpoints of an adaptive
radiation following a single colonization event more than 50 million years ago. They have …

Signal complexity has been linked to social complexity in vocal, but not chemical,
communication. To address this gap, we examined the chemical complexity of male and …