In mammals, environmental sounds stimulate the auditory receptor, the cochlea, via
vibrations of the stapes, the innermost of the middle ear ossicles. These vibrations produce …

The last two decades have produced a great deal of evidence that in the mammalian organ
of Corti outer hair cells undergo active shape changes that are part of a “cochlear amplifier” …

A widely held hypothesis of mammalian cochlear function is that the mechanical responses
to sound of the basilar membrane depend on transduction by the outer hair cells. We have …

This comprehensive introduction to the functions of the mammalian ear describes the major
steps by which sound is transformed into nerve impulses. The author leads the reader along …

The membrane capacitance of the outer hair cell, which has unique membrane potential-
dependent motility, was monitored during application of membrane tension. It was found that …

Mammalian cochlear outer hair cells generate high-frequency forces in response to
electrical stimulation. Force generation occurs in the lateral cortex of the cell, which includes …

Pressure in turn one of the scala tympani (st) was measured close to the basilar membrane
(bm) and at additional positions as the pressure sensor approached and/or withdrew from …

The basal membrane (BM) velocity responses to pure tones were measured using a newly
developed laser interferometer microscope that does not require placing a reflecting object …

Two-tone suppression and two-tone distortion were investigated at the level of the basilar
membrane in the hook region of cat and guinea pig cochleae using a displacement …

This paper is a continuation of a series of papers dedicated to the physical aspects of
hearing. In the past decade several novel properties of the cochlea (ie, the inner ear) have …