Many of the ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are unique to microorganisms, such that
receptor activation unequivocally indicates the presence of something foreign. However, a …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) survey intra-and extracellular spaces for pathogen-
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) within microbial products of infection. Recognition …

UNC93B1 is critical for trafficking and function of nucleic acid–sensing Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9, which are essential for antiviral immunity. Overactive …

A coordinated balance between the positive and negative regulation of pattern-recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated innate inflammatory responses is required to ensure the most …

Receptors of the innate immune system detect conserved determinants of microbial and viral
origin. Activation of these receptors initiates signaling events that culminate in an effective …

In the initiation of innate immune responses against pathogens, pattern-recognition
receptors (PRRs) have an essential role in recognizing specific components of …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that
play a central role in host cell recognition and responses to microbial pathogens. TLR …

Abstract Families of innate immune receptors serve as the bodies primary defence system
by recognising and rapidly responding to infection by microorganisms or to endogenous …

Microbial infection initiates complex interactions between the pathogen and the host.
Pathogens express several signature molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular …

The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as components that recognize conserved
structures in pathogens has greatly advanced understanding of how the body senses …