Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an extremely successful intracellular pathogen that
causes tuberculosis (TB), which remains the leading infectious cause of human death. The …

Macrophages and neutrophils play a decisive role in host responses to intracellular bacteria
including the agent of tuberculosis (TB), M ycobacterium tuberculosis as they represent the …

In dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), LCN2 (lipocalin 2) is upregulated. Whereas
LCN2 has been implicated in AMD pathogenesis, the mechanism remains unknown. Here …

Iron holds a central position at the host–pathogen interface because mammalian and
microbial cells have an essential demand for the metal, which is required for many metabolic …

Host antimicrobial mechanisms reduce iron availability to pathogens. Iron proteins
influencing the innate immune response include hepcidin, lactoferrin, siderocalin …

Chronic (neuro) inflammation plays an important role in many age-related central nervous
system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular …

Microbes exert a major impact on human health and disease by either promoting or
disrupting homeostasis, in the latter instance leading to the development of infectious …

Macrophages play an essential role in the immune system by ingesting and degrading
invading pathogens, initiating an inflammatory response and instructing adaptive immune …

Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) remains challenging, with lengthy treatment durations and
complex drug regimens that are toxic and difficult to administer. Similar to the vast majority of …

To subvert host defenses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) avoids being delivered to
degradative phagolysosomes in macrophages by arresting the normal host process of …