The idea of civilization recurs frequently in reflections on international politics. However,
International Relations academic writings on civilization have failed to acknowledge the …

This article studies the contentious problem of reification in international relations (IR) on the
example of the idea of international society. It shows how the idea became reified, that is …

This chapter is about macro-historical constructivist scholarship. The first section discusses
the origins of historical constructivist work, arguing that constructivists initially pursued two …

What is the role of memories for the expansion of international society? By drawing on the
English School approach to International Relations this edited volume argues that the …

This chapter explores state-building efforts of the (early modern) Ottomans by drawing from
the revisionist historical scholarship on this empire. The goal is to show that treating Europe …

This article maintains that the treatment of the Ottoman/Turk in the English School of
International Relations, as in broader Western scholarship, is Eurocentric and highlights less …

This chapter is about the international system during the long nineteenth century. 1 The
beginning and end points of the long nineteenth century are not self-evident, but its …

This chapter outlines the theoretical argument on the relational nature of the processes of
entry into international society. It then presents the case of Slovakia's layered entry into …

This article examines Turkish narratives of the Gallipoli Campaign fought during the First
World War, based on newspaper archival research covering the last 50 years. It argues that …