Racial disparities in the criminal justice system are well documented and widespread. The
present review examines racial disparities in three areas of the system: policing, prison …

Research on inequality in punishment has a long and storied history, yet the overwhelming
focus has been on episodic disparity in isolated stages of criminal case processing (eg …

The scope of criminal justice surveillance has expanded rapidly in recent decades. At the
same time, the use of big data has spread across a range of fields, including finance …

Distribution shifts—where the training distribution differs from the test distribution—can
substantially degrade the accuracy of machine learning (ML) systems deployed in the wild …

I believe that machine learning (ML) will have a dramatic impact on the field of economics
within a short time frame. Indeed, the impact of ML on economics is already well underway …

Algorithmic decision making is employed in an increasing number of real-world applications
to aid human decision making. While it has shown considerable promise in terms of …

Algorithms are now regularly used to decide whether defendants awaiting trial are too
dangerous to be released back into the community. In some cases, black defendants are …

One of the most troubling trends in criminal investigations is the growing use of “black box”
technology, in which law enforcement rely on artificial intelligence (AI) models or algorithms …

Automated data-driven decision making systems are increasingly being used to assist, or
even replace humans in many settings. These systems function by learning from historical …

Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a
relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in …