Antiretroviral therapy can effectively block HIV-1 replication and prevent or reverse
immunodeficiency in HIV-1-infected individuals. However, viral replication resumes within …

Antiretroviral therapy is not curative. Given the challenges in providing lifelong therapy to a
global population of more than 35 million people living with HIV, there is intense interest in …

Attempts to reduce the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir and induce
antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free virologic control have largely been unsuccessful. In this …

Antiretroviral therapy fails to cure HIV-1 infection because latent proviruses persist in resting
CD4+ T cells. T cell activation reverses latency, but< 1% of proviruses are induced to …

Despite antiretroviral therapy, proviral latency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-
1) remains a principal obstacle to curing the infection. Inducing the expression of latent …

This year marks the thirtieth anniversary of the publication of the study that first reported the
isolation of HIV-1. In this Timeline article, we provide a historical perspective of some of the …

HIV-1 reservoirs preclude virus eradication in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral
therapy (HAART). The best characterized reservoir is a small, difficult-to-quantify pool of …

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) suppresses HIV-1 replication but cannot
eliminate the virus because HIV-1 establishes latent infection. Interruption of HAART leads …

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are part of a vast family of enzymes that have crucial roles in
numerous biological processes, largely through their repressive influence on transcription …

HIV-1 can establish a state of latent infection at the level of individual T cells. Latently
infected cells are rare in vivo and appear to arise when activated CD4+ T cells, the major …