In vivo near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is an emerging biomedical imaging
modality for use in both fundamental scientific research and clinical practice. Owing to …

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a monolayer of post-mitotic polarized epithelial cells,
strategically situated between the photoreceptors and the choroid, is the primary caretaker of …

Light and optical techniques have made profound impacts on modern medicine, with
numerous lasers and optical devices currently being used in clinical practice to assess …

Carbon nanomaterials are a class of low-dimensional materials that have aroused a great
deal of interest in the past 30 years since the spectacular debut of fullerene, the first member …

Lanthanide-doped nanoconstructs (LDNCs) have been widely studied in the biomedical
field. Especially, LDNCs with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence show great promise in …

Imaging techniques based on retinal autofluorescence have found broad applications in
ophthalmology because they are extremely sensitive and noninvasive. Conventional fundus …

Genome-editing technologies have ushered in a new era in gene therapy, providing novel
therapeutic strategies for a wide range of diseases, including both genetic and nongenetic …

Adaptive optics is a relatively new field, yet it is spreading rapidly and allows new questions
to be asked about how the visual system is organized. The editors of this feature issue have …

This is a comprehensive review of the principles and applications of adaptive optics (AO) in
ophthalmology. It has been combined with flood illumination ophthalmoscopy, scanning …

The interaction between light and tissue such as absorption and scattering limits the
penetration depth and spatiotemporal resolution of in vivo fluorescence bioimaging in a …