Inspired by physically adaptive, agile, reconfigurable and multifunctional soft-bodied
animals and human muscles, soft actuators have been developed for a variety of …

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are crosslinked polymer networks that combine the
elastic properties of rubber with the anisotropic properties of liquid crystals. Multifunctionality …

Soft robotics is an exciting field of science and technology that enables robots to manipulate
objects with human-like dexterity. Soft robots can handle delicate objects with care, access …

In recent decades, origami has been explored to aid in the design of engineering structures.
These structures span multiple scales and have been demonstrated to be used toward …

Biological organisms such as the octopus can reconfigure their shape and properties to
perform diverse tasks. However, soft machines struggle to achieve complex configurations …

Abstract Magneto-/electro-responsive polymers (MERPs) are a class of stimuli-responsive
materials that are actuated when triggered by external magnetic/electric fields. MERPs …

Artificial muscles based on stimuli-responsive polymers usually exhibit mechanical
compliance, versatility, and high power-to-weight ratio, showing great promise to potentially …

Artificial muscles are the core components of the smart and interactive soft robotic systems,
providing the capabilities in shape morphing, manipulation, and mobility. Intense research …

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are polymer networks exhibiting anisotropic liquid
crystallinity while maintaining elastomeric properties. Owing to diverse polymeric forms and …

Intelligence of physical agents, such as human-made (eg, robots, autonomous cars) and
biological (eg, animals, plants) ones, is not only enabled by their computational intelligence …