Parkinson's disease prevalence is rapidly increasing in an aging global population. With this
increase comes exponentially rising social and economic costs, emphasizing the immediate …

The world's population aging progression renders age‐related neurodegenerative diseases
to be one of the biggest unsolved problems of modern society. Despite the progress in …

Copper is an essential element in cells; it can act as either a recipient or a donor of
electrons, participating in various reactions. However, an excess of copper ions in cells is …

Dopamine metabolism, alpha-synuclein pathology, and iron homeostasis have all been
implicated as potential contributors to the unique vulnerability of substantia nigra …

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of cognitive impairment
and dementia worldwide. The pathobiology of the disease has been studied in the form of …

Dopamine (DA) is the most important catecholamine in the brain, as it is the most abundant
and the precursor of other neurotransmitters. Degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons of …

Astrocyte-neuron interactions protect neurons from iron-mediated toxicity. As dopamine can
be metabolized to reactive quinones, dopaminergic neurons are susceptible to oxidative …

Aberrant self-assembly and toxicity of wild-type and mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)
has been widely examined in silico, in vitro and in transgenic animal models of amyotrophic …

Mitophagy impairment and oxidative stress are cardinal pathological hallmarks in
Parkinson's disease (PD), a common age-related neurodegenerative condition. The specific …

Background Brain iron is an essential as well as a toxic redox active element. Physiological
levels are not uniform among the different cell types. Besides the availability of quantitative …