The calculation of the derivatives of output quantities of aerodynamic flow codes, commonly
known as numerical sensitivity analysis, has recently become of increased importance for a …

The design of fuel cells is a challenging endeavour due to the multitude of physical
phenomena that need to be simultaneously optimized in order to achieve proper fuel cell …

Optimal design methods involving the solution of an adjoint system of equations are an
active area of research in computational fluid dynamics, particularly for aeronautical …

This manual describes the installation and execution of FUN3D version 13.7, including
optional dependent packages. FUN3D is a suite of computational fluid dynamics simulation …

The complex-step derivative approximation and its application to numerical algorithms are
presented. Improvements to the basic method are suggested that further increase its …

This paper presents a review of all existing discrete methods for computing the derivatives of
computational models within a unified mathematical framework. This framework hinges on a …

The fields of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and optimal shape design (OSD) have
received considerable attention in the recent past, and are of practical importance for many …

THERE is a long history of the use of adjoint equations in optimal control theory. 1 In uid
dynamics, the fi rst use of adjoint equations for design was by Pironneau, 2 but within the fi …

A genetic algorithm is compared with a gradient-based (adjoint) algorithm in the context of
several aerodynamic shape optimization problems. The examples include singlepoint and …

Aeroelasticity is still dynamic, challenging, and a key part of cutting-edge airplane
technology. Emerging trends, as well as challenges and needs in the eld of airplane …