Numerous mitochondrial constituents and metabolic products can function as damage-
associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and promote inflammation when released into the …

Liver ischaemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI), a local sterile inflammatory response driven by
innate immunity, is one of the primary causes of early organ dysfunction and failure after …

According to the endosymbiotic theory, most of the DNA of the original bacterial
endosymbiont has been lost or transferred to the nucleus, leaving a much smaller (∼ 16 kb …

The innate immune system has the capacity to detect 'non-self'molecules derived from
pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, via pattern recognition …

Neutrophils are frontline cells of the innate immune system. These effector leukocytes are
equipped with intriguing antimicrobial machinery and consequently display high cytotoxic …

Platelets, non-nucleated blood components first described over 130 years ago, are
recognized as the primary cell regulating hemostasis and thrombosis. The vascular …

Mitochondria regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Ultrastructural
mitochondrial lesions, altered mitochondrial dynamics, decreased activity of respiratory …

Cell death represents a basic biological paradigm that governs outcomes and long-term
sequelae in almost every hepatic disease condition. Acute liver failure is characterized by …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)—which is well known for its role in oxidative phosphorylation
and maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases—is increasingly recognized as an agonist …

The liver is a central immunological organ with a high exposure to circulating antigens and
endotoxins from the gut microbiota, particularly enriched for innate immune cells …