The shallow subtidal rocky habitats in most temperate coastal areas are conspicuously
dominated by large brown algae in the orders Laminariales and Fucales. These algae are …

14 elp forests dominate shallow rocky coasts in most cold-water marine environments
worldwide. Foundation species (sensu Dayton 1972) form the canopy of kelp forests, which …

Sea urchin barrens are benthic communities on rocky subtidal reefs that are dominated by
urchins and coralline algae; in the absence of intense herbivory by urchins, these barrens …

The flow of detritus between habitats is an important form of connectivity that affects regional
productivity and the spatial organization of marine ecosystems. Kelps form highly productive …

The largest seaweed, giant kelp (Macrocystis) is the fastest growing and most prolific of all
plants found on earth. Growing from the seafloor and extending along the ocean surface in …

The giant kelp Macrocystis is the world's largest benthic organism and most widely
distributed kelp taxon, serving as the foundation for diverse and energy-rich habitats that are …

Regular observations made over a period of 5 yr in four permanent transects provided data
on plant, sea urchin, and fish densities which indicate that two unusually severe winter …

The mass mortality of the echinoid Diadema antillarum Philippi in 1983/1984 resulted in
dramatic changes in the benthic algal community. This study reports data on the population …

Spatial and temporal variation in dispersal and recruitment of the kelps Macrocystis pyrifera
and Pterygophora californica and of filamentous brown algae (FBA) consisting primarily of …

Publisher Summary The chapter reviews the effects of the massive oceanic phenomenon on
the nearshore kelp communities of the southern California Bight. The effects of this El Niño …