Mammals expend energy in many ways, including basic cellular maintenance and repair,
digestion, thermoregulation, locomotion, growth and reproduction. These processes can …

Energy expenditure and energy intake need to be balanced to maintain proper energy
homeostasis. Energy homeostasis is tightly regulated by the central nervous system, and the …

Overweight and obesity result from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy
expenditure, including expenditure from spontaneous physical activity (SPA). Changes in …

Physiologic studies suggest that sleep restriction has metabolic effects that predispose to
weight gain. The authors investigated the association between self-reported usual sleep …

The hypocretins (H crts), also known as orexins, are two peptides derived from a single
precursor produced in the posterior lateral hypothalamus. Over the past decade, the orexin …

An activity‐induced increase in energy expenditure theoretically disturbs energy balance
(EB) by creating an acute energy deficit. Compensatory responses could influence the …

It is well known, although not well understood, that smoking and eating just do not go
together. Smoking is associated with decreased food intake and lower body weight …

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expended for everything we do
that is not sleeping, eating or sports-like exercise. It ranges from the energy expended …

Pfaff presents a daring perspective on the long-standing puzzle of what arousal is. He
argues that, beneath our mental functions and emotional dispositions, a primitive neuronal …

Addiction is a devastating disorder that affects 15.3 million people worldwide. While
prevalent, few effective treatments exist. Orexin receptors have been proposed as a potential …