Openness and sharing of information are fundamental to the progress of science and to the
effective functioning of the research enterprise. The advent of scientific journals in the 17th …

Since the 1990s, the scope of research evaluations becomes broader as the societal
products (outputs), societal use (societal references), and societal benefits (changes in …

Over the last 50 years, we argue that incentives for academic scientists have become
increasingly perverse in terms of competition for research funding, development of …

The impact of individual scientists is commonly quantified using citation-based measures.
The most common such measure is the h-index. A scientist's h-index affects hiring …

Another type of unethical practice is salami slicing. In Salami slicing, same research is split
into many fragments and published. Some researches counter this by saying that sometimes …

Although citations are widely used to measure the influence of scientific works, research
shows that many citations serve rhetorical functions and reflect little-to-no influence on the …

In sports, the phrase “a win is a win” refers to the bottom line in those competitions: winning
a game. How the game was won is not as important as the fact that it was won. In many …

Biodiversity remains relatively unknown and understudied in many parts of the developing
world with significant information gaps, in stark contrast to many areas in the developed …

The global financial crisis has changed how nations and agencies prioritize research
investment. There has been a push towards science with expected benefits for society, yet …

Bibliometric analysis has been used increasingly as a tool within the scientific community.
Interplay is vital between those involved in refining bibliometric methods and the recipients …