The microenvironment is indispensable for functionality of various biomacromolecules,
subcellular compartments, living cells, and organisms. In particular, physical properties …

Lysosomes, single-membrane organelles defined by a uniquely strong acidic lumenal pH
and high content of acid hydrolases, are the shared degradative compartments of the …

Plant cells are embedded within cell walls, which provide structural integrity, but also
spatially constrain cells, and must therefore be modified to allow cellular expansion. The …

Intracellular pH (pHi) 1, 2 plays many critical roles in cell, enzyme, and tissue activities,
including proliferation and apoptosis, 3–8 multidrug resistance (MDR), 9 ion transport, 10 …

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are becoming increasingly prevalent in consumer products as
antibacterial agents. The increased use of Ag NP-enhanced products may lead to an …

The accumulation of lysosomes and their hydrolases within neurons is a well-established
neuropathologic feature of Alzheimer disease (AD). Here we show that lysosomal pathology …

Macroautophagy, a major pathway for organelle and protein turnover, has been implicated
in the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The basis for the profuse …

DNA nanomachines are synthetic assemblies that switch between defined molecular
conformations upon stimulation by external triggers. Previously, the performance of DNA …

To a certain extent, all cellular, physiological, and pathological phenomena that occur in
cells are accompanied by ionic changes. The development of techniques allowing the …

The absorption and emission wavelengths of group 14 pyronines and rhodamines, which
contain silicon, germanium, or tin at the 10 position of the xanthene chromophore, showed …