Upper extremity reconstruction may pose clinical challenges for surgeons due to the often-
critical, complex functional demands of the damaged and/or missing structures. The advent …

Medial femoral condyle free flap for head and neck reconstru... : Current Opinion in
Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Medial femoral condyle free flap for head and …

Reconstruction for large-scale temporomandibular joint (TMJ) defects can be challenging.
We have used the medial femoral condyle (MFC) osseocartilaginous flap for repair of TMJ …

Background Recalcitrant clavicular nonunion is a rare but complicated problem of clavicular
fracture fixation. Nonunion is most often treated with clavicular shortening or in extreme …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as an innovative technology to
derive a maximum benefit from high-resolution tomography images and virtual 3D …

Background Metacarpal nonunion is a rare condition. The osteogenic capacity of periosteal
free flap was investigated in five patients with metacarpal nonunion and impaired bone …

Scaphoid proximal pole fractures remain a surgical challenge because of the high
propensity for nonunion, osteonecrosis, and ultimately carpal collapse. The proximal 70% to …

Oral cavity defects occur after resection of lesions limited to the mucosa, alveolar gum, or
minimally affecting the bone. Aiming at esthetical and functional improvements of intraoral …

Background The descending genicular artery (DGA) and medial thigh region have been
underused as donor sites for perforator flaps. This study evaluated the anatomical …

In recent years, artificial bones with high biocompatibility have been developed for hard
tissue reconstruction. However, current bone replacement methods are inadequate for large …