Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses; these stresses have profound effects on
plant growth, survival, and productivity. Tolerance and adaptation to stress require …

Optimal plant development requires root uptake of 14 essential mineral elements from the
soil. Since the bioavailability of these nutrients underlies large variation in space and time …

Cells of eukaryotic multicellular organisms have inherent heterogeneity. Recent advances in
single-cell gene expression studies enable us to explore transcriptional regulation in …

Auxin is a major phytohormone that controls numerous aspects of plant development and
coordinates plant responses to the environment. Morphogenic gradients of auxin govern cell …

To improve water and nutrient acquisition from the soil, plants can modulate their root
system architecture. Despite the importance of changes in root architecture to exploit local …

Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls, which are dynamic structures displaying a strictly
regulated balance between rigidity and flexibility. Walls are fairly rigid to provide support and …

Root systems can display variable architectures that contribute to survival strategies of
plants. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana possesses a tap root system, in which the …

Plants adapt to heterogeneous soil conditions by altering their root architecture. For
example, roots branch when in contact with water by using the hydropatterning response …

Plant roots acquire nutrients and water while managing interactions with the soil microbiota.
The root endodermis provides an extracellular diffusion barrier through a network of lignified …

Long before its chemical identity was known, the phytohormone auxin was postulated to
regulate plant growth. In the late 1800s, Sachs hypothesized that plant growth regulators …