Malaria has been a major global health problem of humans through history and is a leading
cause of death and disease across many tropical and subtropical countries. Over the last …

Malaria vaccine development entered a new era in 2015 when the pre-erythrocytic
Plasmodium falciparum candidate RTS, S was favorably reviewed by the European …

Background Development of an effective vaccine against the pathogenic blood-stage
infection of human malaria has proved challenging, and no candidate vaccine has affected …

Abstract Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) is a key malaria vaccine candidate and target
of neutralizing antibodies. AMA1 binds to a loop in rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2L) to form …

Antigenic diversity has posed a critical barrier to vaccine development against the
pathogenic blood-stage infection of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. To …

Background Blood-stage malaria vaccines are intended to prevent clinical disease. The
malaria vaccine FMP2. 1/AS02A, a recombinant protein based on apical membrane antigen …

The immunostimulants 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and the saponin QS-
21 are part of licensed or candidate vaccines. MPL and QS-21 directly affect the innate …

Controlled human infection (CHI) trials, in which healthy volunteers are experimentally
infected, can accelerate the development of novel drugs and vaccines for infectious …

Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum remains a major public health threat, especially
among children and pregnant women in Africa. An effective malaria vaccine would be a …

Abstract Development and Phase 3 testing of the most advanced malaria vaccine, RTS,
S/AS01, indicates that malaria vaccine R&D is moving into a new phase. Field trials of …