Influenza viruses are still a serious threat to human health. Cytokines are essential for cell-to-
cell communication and viral clearance in the immune system, but excessive cytokines can …

The influenza viruses are some of the most important human pathogens, causing substantial
seasonal and pandemic morbidity and mortality. In humans, infection of the lower respiratory …

There is a vital need for authentic COVID-19 animal models to enable the pre-clinical
evaluation of candidate vaccines and therapeutics. Here we report a dose titration study of …

Neutrophils are immune cells that are well known to be present during many types of lung
diseases associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may contribute to …

Influenza A viruses are zoonotic pathogens that continuously circulate and change in
several animal hosts, including birds, pigs, horses and humans. The emergence of novel …

The successful transmission of infection via the airborne route relies on several factors,
including the survival of the airborne pathogen in the environment as it travels between …

Of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses, only influenza A viruses are thought to exist as
multiple subtypes and has non-human maintenance hosts. In April 2011, nasal swabs were …

Context Data about the effectiveness of the surgical mask compared with the N95 respirator
for protecting health care workers against influenza are sparse. Given the likelihood that …

Over the past few years, prompted by pandemic preparedness initiatives, the debate over
the modes of transmission of influenza has been rekindled and several reviews have …

As of March 2010, illness caused by the 2009 H1N1 virus had occurred in almost all
countries, with more than 16,000 deaths from laboratory-confirmed cases reported to the …