Abstract Introduction Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder
characterized by fibroproliferative vasculopathy, immunological abnormalities and …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest and most diverse family of
integral membrane proteins that participate in different physiological processes such as the …

Abstract Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the
immunoglobulin (Ig)-like superfamily, consisting of five extracellular Ig‑like domains, a …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are two archetypal
systemic autoimmune diseases which have been shown to share multiple genetic …

Since its first description around the year 2000, the local renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in
skin has been subject of an increasing number of studies with many additions over the last …

In scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc), persistent activation of myofibroblast leads to
severe skin and organ fibrosis resistant to therapy. Increased mechanical stiffness in the …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology characterized
by the presence of multiple autoantibodies, including those against angiotensin and …

Background The pathogenesis and etiology of systemic sclerosis (SSc) are complex and
poorly understood. To date, several studies have demonstrated that the activation of the …

Abstract Introduction Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by fibrosis and microvascular
abnormalities including dysregulated angiogenesis. Chemokines, in addition to their …

Junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C) is an adhesion molecule expressed by endothelial
cells (ECs) that plays a role in tight junction formation, leukocyte adhesion, and …