It is well established that multifactorial drug resistance hinders successful cancer treatment.
Tumor cell interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial in epithelial …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) occurs frequently after long-term chemotherapy, resulting in
refractory cancer and tumor recurrence. Therefore, combatting MDR is an important issue …

Induction of cell death and inhibition of cell survival are the main principles of cancer
therapy. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a major problem in oncology, which …

Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway shows frequent molecular alterations and
increased activity in cancer. Given its role in the regulation of cell growth, survival and …

The evolutionarily conserved catabolic process of autophagy involves the degradation of
cytoplasmic components through lysosomal enzymes. Basal levels of autophagy maintain …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play major roles in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
It is evident from growing reports that PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling …

Breast cancer is a malignant disease with an increasing incidence. Chemotherapy is still an
important means for breast cancer treatment, but multidrug resistance (MDR) greatly limits its …

Cancer is a complex process in which protein-coding and non-coding genes play essential
roles. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as a subclass of noncoding genes, are implicated …

Background Cisplatin-based regimens are routinely employed for the treatment of urothelial
carcinoma. However, therapeutic success is hampered by the primary presence of or the …

Most of the therapeutic strategies to counteract cancer imply killing of malignant cells. The
most exploited cell death mechanism in cancer therapies is apoptosis, but recently, a lot of …