As human beings live in an environment where various factors interact and integrate, it
seems vital to examine the effects of these factors on environmental perceptions. Outdoor …

Numerous studies have explored the cooling effect of greening due to evapotranspiration,
enhanced albedo, and interception of shortwave radiation to reduce the air temperature in …

The vegetation ratio and aspect ratio (H/W) of streets are important factors influencing the
urban heat island effect and energy consumption. In order to reduce urban heat island …

Comfortable, enjoyable outdoor spaces are critical to human health and well-being. The
emotional reactions induced by various combinations of visual landscapes and the role of …

The impact of human activities on climate change has become increasingly evident, with
cities being particularly vulnerable to its effects. Anthropogenic emissions, such as heat and …

Rapid urbanization in high-density cities has resulted in supply–demand imbalances and
inequalities of urban ecosystem services (ESs), necessitating integrated ESs assessment for …

The objective of this study was to analyze air pollution and thermal environment in Turkey's
cold region before, during, and after COVID-19 in 2019, 2020 and 2021. The CO, NO 2, O 3 …

This research aims to evaluate and improve the applicability of three commonly utilized
thermal comfort indices—standard effective temperature (SET), physiological equivalent …

Air pollution is one of the most important problems the world is facing nowadays, adversely
affecting public health and causing millions of deaths every year. Particulate matter is a …

The urban planning of squares with open space and the radioactive road is often seen in
many cities. It forms a particular type of landscape and affects the traffic system and urban …