In their environment, plants are exposed to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses that
differ in intensity, duration and severity. As sessile organisms, they cannot escape these …

Cells emerged at the very beginning of life on Earth and, in fact, are coterminous with life.
They are enclosed within an excitable plasma membrane, which defines the outside and …

Fruit length is a key domestication trait that affects crop yield and appearance. Cucumber
(Cucumis sativus) fruits vary from 5 to 60 cm in length. Despite the identification of several …

Arabidopsis primary root growth response to phosphate (Pi) deficiency is mainly controlled
by changes in apoplastic iron (Fe). Upon Pi deficiency, apoplastic Fe deposition in the root …

To mobilize sparingly available phosphorus (P) in the rhizosphere, many plant species
secrete malate to release P sorbed onto (hydr) oxides of aluminum and iron (Fe). In the …

Membrane voltage arises from the transport of ions through ion-translocating ATPases, ion-
coupled transport of solutes, and ion channels, and is an integral part of the bioenergetic …

Plant shoots typically grow upward in opposition to the pull of gravity. However, exceptions
exist throughout the plant kingdom. Most conspicuous are trees with weeping or pendulous …

The flavonoid naringenin (Nar), present in citrus fruits and tomatoes, has been identified as
a blocker of an emerging class of human intracellular channels, namely the two-pore …

Ascorbate (Asc) is a major redox buffer of plant cells, whose antioxidant activity depends on
the ratio with its one‐electron oxidation product monodehydroascorbate (MDHA). The …

Simple Summary Eriocheir sinensis is a freshwater crab and is considered as one of the
most important cost-effective species for freshwater aquaculture. E. sinensis can grow in …